I have been in the ELT profession most of my working life. I have always loved learning languages and travelling, and teaching English is certainly a good way of seeing the world. In fact I started out teaching French in Ghana, West Africa, where I met my husband, Dave - the start of a long partnership! After many years working largely overseas, we are now both semi-retired and are based in the North West of England, on the edge of the English Lake District. We still write about ELT and do conferences and consultancies. But we also enjoy being close to our five grandchildren and being surrounded by wonderful mountain scenery.
Where I have worked
After Ghana, I trained as a language teacher at York University and
moved to Cyprus, where I taught English for some years and learnt some
Greek. In Edinburgh for a year I taught ESOL part-time and then, with
our two small daughters, we went off to Teheran, Iran, and taught at
the British Council ELT Centre. The teaching was wonderful - highly
motivated students, lots of ESP, and it was there that I developed a
phrase book of classroom language for an appreciative audience of Farsi
speaking teachers of English whose class sizes ranged from 30 to 90
learners. I acquired a fair amount of spoken Farsi (but still cannot
read it) and also learnt to ski there - the Elburz mountains are quite
high and there were some fantastic ski runs. Sadly the revolution in
1979 ended our spell in Iran rather abruptly and somewhat
dramatically...No-one in the family will ever forget the events leading
up to the revolution. Once back in UK, I used my newly found free time
to develop the classroom language phrase book materials into my first
book ‘Teaching English through English', which was illustrated by an
ex-Teheran colleague and later published by Longman in 1981.
I subsequently did my Masters Degree by research in Birmingham University, investigating language classroom interaction, (based on the Sinclair & Coulthard model of Discourse Analysis) ), and began freelancing. I worked on teacher development courses in Britain and Europe, and then as a family we went off to Singapore, where I taught ESP in various institutions and a Language in Education course at the National University. From there I began to do ELT consultancies and run courses overseas in South East Asia, Middle East, China and South America.
But it was in Singapore, in 1984, that we first met N. S. Prabhu, who was running an experimental English teaching project in Secondary Schools in Bangalore, using nothing but teacher-led tasks. And here, in 1985, we began our own experiments with task-based teaching. I remember vividly using TBL for the first time with a beginners class of Japanese housewives - we had a lot of fun. I also loved making recordings of fluent speakers doing tasks - recordings I could later use in class. It was really fascinating, all the things that people said.
The Cobuild Project and Task-based Learning
The
combined influences of John Sinclair from Birmingham University and N.
H. Prabhu from Bangalore led to a conviction there were better ways to
help students learn a language than the PPP (grammar presentation,
practice and production) methodology we had been using earlier along
with a functional-notional syllabus. And so began one of our biggest
writing projects, a set of course books using a task-based methodology
supported by a lexical syllabus based on the innovative corpus based
research into ‘real' language pioneered at Birmingham University. Three
years of full-time research and writing resulted in The Collins Cobuild
English Course. Every day gave us fascinating insights into how
language really works - and we quickly saw how different language is
from the way it is described in pedagogic grammars. I also discovered
that writing course books is really hard work, and after completing
four levels, I needed a break.
A change of scene
Some years
after moving back to Britain I joined Aston University Language Studies
Unit, in Birmingham, where I tutored for 12 years on their Distance
Learning Masters programmes in TESOL & TESP and taught English one
day a week. I really enjoyed working with teachers from all over the
world and still miss them. I retired in 2004, but I still enjoy
speaking at conferences and doing consultancies and courses for
teachers.
My main publications
I like
writing books for teachers. My recent books include Task-based
Instruction in Foreign Language Education: practices and programs
co-edited with Betty Lou Leaver, (Georgetown University Press,) and
three prize-winning titles: A Framework for Task-based Learning
(Longman), English for Primary Teachers (with Mary Slattery) (OUP) and,
with Corony Edwards, Teachers Exploring Tasks in English Language
Teaching (Palgrave Macmillan), which won a British Council Innovations
Award in March 2006.
Dave and I then worked together on ‘Doing Task-based Teaching' (OUP 2007) incorporating advice from teachers round the world who practise task-based teaching. For my last book - a CLIL title - out in 2008 - I collaborated with a friend who is a Primary School Music Education specialist and together we wrote English Through Music - to help teachers of Young Learners teach musical skills in English.
My topic for my Guest Expert month
My
topic will be Task-based language Teaching: making the most of your
text book. Many teachers who would like to use more tasks in their
lessons do not do so because they are worried by time pressures and the
need to complete the course book before the exams. I will try to show
how text books can often be just slightly adapted to make an activity
more task-like and more motivating for learners to do and learn from.
And there will also be tips on saving time...
My interests
I've always been
an outdoors person. I prefer sports that can be done in beautiful
places where there are good views like riding, sailing, ski-ing and
swimming in the sea (if it's warm enough). I took up Tai Chi twelve
years ago and love it. We go walking regularly, and often look for home
exchange holidays in places where the walking is good. We both do quite
of lot of voluntary work to improve our neighbourhood and its
amenities. I still enjoy learning languages and I meet up for a drink
with French speaking friends on a Monday night, and Spanish speaking
friends on a Thursday. On Tuesday nights we sing - not a choir but a
community singing group, and in the summer we go on singing walks and
sing by lakes, in forests, half way up mountains and - best of all in
caves, where the acoustics and echoes make us sound very professional.
During the week-ends we often spend time with two or more of our
grandchildren who range in age from nearly 2 up to nearly 11. And we
have at least one family meal a week - with all 11 of us round a table.
We seem to spend a lot of time planning trips - some work related, some holidays - and then researching environmentally friendly ways of getting to places. So, what with conferences and teachers' workshops and holidays, who knows, we might just meet up with some of you, some day. I hope so.
JW
Your comments and questions
During the month of June 2008 I will be the Guest Contributor. You can add comments or questions about this biography by clicking on Add new comment below. I will be regularly visiting the site, reading your comments and answering questions on my blog, about my articles and getting involved in discussions on the polls and forums.






Comments
albertrayan
Hi Jane
I enjoyed reading your biography. I have gone through a couple of your books.
Your rich experiences in different parts of the world have helped you understand cultures of nations that you have visited and the learning style of people in those countries.
It is nice to know that you have been inspired (or influenced) by N S Prabhu. As an expert in 'task-based teaching' you have been advocating the methodology. I have a few questions:
1. Could you please share with us the effectiveness of task-based teaching in countries where English is taught as a foreign language?
2. Is it the best methodology? Have you ever thought or realized that there could be better ways to help learners learn ESL or EFL?
3. Why do some ESL teachers stick to the PPP methodology though they are aware of the TBT methodology. Is it possible that they have not experimented with task-based teaching or they aren't comfortable with the methodology of TBT?
4. What are the best ways to evaluate the tasks given in the class?
5. Should the tasks be evaluated by teachers or learners?
Looking forward to reading your response.
Regards
Albert P'Rayan
Editor, ELTeCS ISL
Email: rayanal@yahoo.co.uk
Mobile: +91 988438
Prospero
Hi Jane,
I was also in Iran teaching there prior to the revolution but left before the fireworks started. I went to Jordan (we actually met there once) for 9 years and then Japan, Canada, Brunei and the UAE. We are now in Qatar and I am lead teacher in a new college. Our students are primarily young Qataris who have just begun their careers with Qatar Petroleum. They have little motivation, because they really don't want to be in a classroom, so it's always a 'song and dance routine' to keep them awake and interested. TBL is where they thrive, but we have time constraints because the client needs us to 'get through the book'. I'd like to follow your month with TeachingEnglish and perhaps gain some insight into how you would manage when pressured with having to race through the text. I am coping, but one feels shattered by weekend!
J
jorgelina-carlassare
Dear Jane, reading your biography is really inspiring! I truly appreciate the chance of asking you some questions about the introduction of the TBA when teaching young learners.
As a teacher of English and material designer for EFL contexts, I often find it difficult to follow a "strong" TBL methodology when teaching young learners though I always choose tasks as the driving force of my teaching proposals. Do you think that it is a possible to frame TEFL within a weaker version of TBA? If so, what would it be like? If not, how could we apply the TBA when teaching young learners English as a Foreign Language?
thanks in advance for your answer
Kind regards
Jorgelina Carlassare
Argentina-Mar del Plata
Jane Willis
Hi Jane
I enjoyed reading your biography. I have gone through a couple of your books.
Your rich experiences in different parts of the world have helped you understand cultures of nations that you have visited and the learning style of people in those countries.
It is nice to know that you have been inspired (or influenced) by N S Prabhu. As an expert in 'task-based teaching' you have been advocating the methodology. I have a few questions:
1. Could you please share with us the effectiveness of task-based teaching in countries where English is taught as a foreign language?
** My main experiences are with TBT in countries where English is hardly ever spoken. All TBA teachers I know (including the 34 teachers who conributed to our book 'Doing Task-based teaching') agree that their learners gain confidence in speaking and writing and by the end of the year are far better able to communicate than other learners who have been taught using form-focused methods. They also enjoy their lessons more and 'come alive'.
2. Is it the best methodology? Have you ever thought or realized that there could be better ways to help learners learn ESL or EFL?
** Any method or methodology that takes as its basis real language use could be effective. For example, CLIL and content-based programmes are effective - but they often incorporate tasks - because they are meaning-focused and provide a goal for learners to work towards. For ESL - lots of content-based input is useful to increase vocabulary size - but most learners need some purpose to read or listen to that input - and that is where tasks are useful - as they provde a motive for reading or listening. Web-based research projects are effective - but again - these are more effective if there is a specific goal for learners to achieve...
3. Why do some ESL teachers stick to the PPP methodology though they are aware of the TBT methodology. Is it possible that they have not experimented with task-based teaching or they aren't comfortable with the methodology of TBT?
** 'Yes' to both your questions! Many teachers fear change and are scared to let go the reins - 'what if I lose control of my class?' What if they ask questions I can't answer' and so on. And change always means spending more time planning lessons and time is what most teachers do not have! If you listen to my Video interview - to the question about what interests me most about ELT I address this question further.
4. What are the best ways to evaluate the tasks given in the class?
** For my response to questions 4 and 5 - see my blog : Evaluating a task.
5. Should the tasks be evaluated by teachers or learners?
Looking forward to reading your response.
** hope this helps, Albert - and if you have more ideas please post them!
Regards
Albert P'Rayan
Editor, ELTeCS ISL
Email: rayanal@yahoo.co.uk
Mobile: +91 988438
Jane Willis
Dear Prospero,
Interesting that we were in Iran about the same time, and that we met in JOrdan - where?
I wil touch on making time for tasks in my thrid article but - here an initial response. - please comment on it!
Briefly - I would suggest you set a lot of the reading texts, vocabulary and form-focused exercises from the text book for homework and go through them very fast in class next lesson. This saves class time for doing tasks and more speaking activities. You can 'cover' the book and they will learn better because each learner will be reading / learning at their own pace.
If they don't like doing / won't do homework, there are ways of making it competitive and giving grades that mount up each week or month. For example, set them up as teams (of 4 or 6) in class (mixed ability), and for homework each team has to produce 5 (or more) test or quiz questions based on those texts or exercises from the text-book unit for the other teams to do at the start of the next lesson. Teams choose their own names and each member has a number. Make a big wall poster on which you record the scores of each team each lesson. You don't have to go through every question - you can say Red team - question 3 to Blue team learner 1. If that learner gets it right - 2 points, if the team has to help - 1 point, if they can't do it, then another team can try for 1 extra point and so on.
Learners will have learnt a lot at home preparing their questions and trying to guess what questions the other teams will set. The class time needs to be just enough to keep them motivated - to check they all have set their questions, and asked and answered the same number of questions.
If you can, try this out and feed-back to this site! I remember Dave doing this when teaching 15 and 16 year olds in Cyprus years ago, and I have seen it working in large classes, and in Japan too. Arabic speaking students usually have a gift for rote-learning word lists, so let them do this for homework too and use it in their 'tests'.
If anyone else has any other ideas for 'covering the text book to make time for tasks, please Add a comment to this site!
Jane
Jane Willis
Dear Jorgelina,
It's great that you are choosing tasks as the driving force of your lessons. But I'm not quite sure what you mean by 'framing TEFL within a weaker version of TBA'.
When choosing activities for Young Learners (how young by the way?) you need to ask yourself DO THEY WANT AND NEED TO UNDERSTAND IT? E.g. if you are doing stories - are they trying to get the meaning and enjoy the story? When playing games - are they trying to understand and complete the game?
Any 'Listen and Do' or 'Listen and Make' activities - teacher-led - would count as tasks if children have to listen, process for meaning and respond accordingly.
I think you will probably find that if you apply the criteria given in my first article (asthe list of questions) to the activities YOU do in your lessons - you may well find that many / most of them are tasks. You might do some up-front teaching of words and phrases, but then you are likely to play some kind of meanig-focused game with them..... Young Children really only learn through meaning-focused activities. Grammar rules /explanations go over their heads. And at first don't expect the children to talk in English and do tasks in English straight away.
Lots of teacher-talk is a good thing if children have to listen and respond to it - Prabhu - in India - is really the father of TBA - his tasks were all teacher-led and content-based. Timetable problems, planning journeys, budgeting shopping etc. He worked with 11-14 year olds in underpriveleged Seconday schools. His learners gradually began to communicate in English during the first year - he never forced them. But he used no mother tongue...
Content-based teaching is based on tasks, too; at IATEFL this year I was in a session with Brazilian presenters who taught us (as beginners) Fractions in Portuguese. We started off folding paper in halves and the again in halves and so on till we had 8 squares - so we learnt to count in Portuguese. We then had to choose colours for each. and colour 1 in yellow 2 in blue etc... So we learnt the colours. Then we worked out what fractions were in what colour etc....
There was quite a lot we didn't understand at first but it got easier and we slowly realised what we were meant to do. Children are used to not understanding everything. They will still learn from twhat they need to understand.
See Dave Willis' blog for a link to these teachers..
Do respond to this and ask if anything is not clear.
cheers,
Jane
jorgelina-carlassare
Dear Jane, thanks for answering my question. I feel honoured with your reply!
I work with young learnes (five to nine-year-olds) who get really engaged when working with tasks. However, they don't seem to be ready for experiencing all the stages proposed in this approach:Task- Planning- Report- Analysis- Practice (Frost, R), mainly due to their intellectual capabilites as well as language possibilities.
Generally, I introduce topic-based tasks in which students are invited to get meaning and respond but I can't get with them into the "Report" and "Analysis" stages. Do you think it is possible to do it with young learners?
Honestly, I find it quite difficult to complete the whole cycle of the TBL with young learners who are learning a Foreign Language. Would it be easier if they were learning a second language?
As regards a "weaker version" of the TBA (using the term "weak" as it has been used when referring to a weak version of the CLA), I meant a "quasi" TB approach in which the most demanding stages are missing... That's why I feel I apply a "weak version" of the TBA to my teaching practice.
Cheers
Jorgelina
Prospero
Thank you Jane, Good ideas which I will share with the other members of my group. I'll let you know how it progresses!
We met at the McGovern's, I believe. In fact, I was working at the Council and on the radio and played a song for you about Singapore (can't remember its name), which is where you were based at the time.
J
Jane Willis
Jorgelina - thanks for your explanation. So you are saying that by a 'weak' version you mean you are using tasks (as the driving force) but omitting Report and Form Focus stages.
Fair enough. For young learners a Form Focus stage would probably not be advisable anyway. Unless it was very simple and lexical - like 'Who can remember all the colours on this page? (close book and see if they can say the colours they saw) or collect past tense verbs by saying - can we remember ALL the things that X did in this story? (close book).
But - re Report stage - I think even quite young children (5 to 6 and upward) have quite a good sense of the difference between private language use and public use. So if you ask them to repeat their story or describe their picture or present their poster to the class or another group in English and give them time in class to plan and prepare it (with your help), they will try to use 'good' language... and this opportunity to report back or present their work will help them recycle new vocab and gain confidence in speaking out.Try it and see!
cheers,
Jane
EdwardS
Professor Willis:
I very much enjoyed your biography. Your experiences traveling around the world, absorbing different cultures and languages, are inspirational. I would very much like to do something similar with my own life.
I have just begun my Master's Degree from the University of Birmingham and as I am undertaking the completion of my first essay, I read one of your papers on the differences between Inner and Outer Discourse in the Language Classroom. I have one question however. Do you think that Inner and Outer Discourse can apply only Spoken Discourse alone? I have found that many English textbooks not only "serve as the subject matter of the lesson and as the medium for instruction" in that not only is the content written in English, so to are the directions by which students are instructed to undertake the exercises. In this sense, would you say that the directions on how to undertake the lessons in a textbook would apply as Outer Dialogue and the actual exercises would be Inner Dialogue?
Any comments in this regard or recommendations for further reading would be extremely helpful.
Sincerely,
Edward S